The Clearwing moths (Lep.: Sesiidae) are important AND destructive pests of fruitful AND non- fruit bearing trees in different countries of the world. Considering the high damage of sesiid moths in Isfahan lANDscape, the INFESTATION PERCENTAGE AND INTENSITY were studied on 4768 trees of different species in 14 Isfahan municipality regions, Isfahan University of Technology campus AND Nazhvan parks as 15th AND 16th regions, respectively. To identify sesiid moth species, DNA was extracted from larvae AND adults. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 709-bp region of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I AND samples were sequenced. Results of COI sequences revealed that the moth Synanthedon caucasica (Gorbunov) is the damaging species on Platanus orientalis, Ulmus carpinifolia AND U. carpinifolia var umbraculifera AND the sesiid moth Sesia pimplaeformis (Oberthür) (=Eusphecia pimplaeformis) is harmful to Salix alba AND Populus alba.PERCENTAGE of INFESTATION was calculated based on the number of infested trees divided by total trees AND INTENSITY of INFESTATION was determined based on the total number of pupal exuviae, active larval holes AND inactive larval holes per 10 centimeters of trunk diameter. The combined analysis was performed in a completely rANDomized design with 10 replicates. The regions AND hosts were considered as main AND secondary factors, respectively. Using linear regression between tree diameter AND INFESTATION rate, the effect of trunk diameter on the INFESTATION rate was determined. Results showed that 53.8 % of Platanus orientalis, 65.6% of U. carpinifolia, 64.4% of U. carpinifolia var umbraculifera, 52.6% of S. alba AND 45.2% of P. alba AND totally 53.2% of all trees were infested with sesiid larvae. The highest INFESTATION INTENSITY (4.2) was observed on U. carpinifolia var umbraculifera. The species U. carpinifolia, Platanus orientalis, salix alba AND P. alba had lower INFESTATION INTENSITY. No sesiid damage symptoms were observed on Morus spp., Rubinia pseudoacacia AND Fraxinus rotundifolia subsp. persica. On all host tree species, the correlation between trunk diameter AND INFESTATION rate was positive but a significant correlation (p<0.05) was only occurred in U. carpinifolia var umbraculifera AND salix alba.

Medicinal plants contain active ingredients in one or some of their organs. Squalene is one of the active ingredients that prevent heart attacks AND cardiovascular diseases AND protect the body from some cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of squalene in a number of medicinal plants. In this experiment, the plant oils were extracted AND measured using Bligh & Dyer with minor changes. TLC (thin layer chromatography) was used to identify squalene. Comparison of TLC of stANDard squalene with TLC of the investigated medicinal plant samples showed that Caryophillium aromaticus, Descurainia sophia, Portulaca Oleracea, Papaver somniferum AND Nigella Sativa contained squalene. Although the PERCENTAGE of Papaver somniferum AND Nigella Sativa seed oil was higher than other medicinal plants, the squalane spot of clove plant had a higher INTENSITY of color AND this indicates a higher concentration of squalene in this plant.

Background: Invasive diseases cause severe illnesses in birds, which become extensive AND threatening under conditions of general waterfowl breeding. Objectives: The study aims to investigate the ecological peculiarities of the distribution of parasitocenoses of waterfowl.Methods: Helminthovoscopic method (Fülleborn method) was used in the research. Also, we used the incomplete helminthologic autopsy method according to K.I. Skryabin.Results: It was found that the prevalence of parasitocenosis of waterfowl in the forest-steppe zone was 76.7%, in the steppe zone 54.5%, AND in the mountain-forest zone 36.7%. At low INFESTATION INTENSITY, the reproductive capacity of Echinostoma increases. Conclusion: Parasitocenoses in waterfowl are caused by several species, including Echinostoma revolutum, Hypodereum conoideum, AND Echinoparyphium recurvatum. These parasites can cause various waterfowl diseases, including intestinal disorders, loss of appetite AND weight, AND decreased productivity. Mixed INFESTATION is quite common in which waterfowl are simultaneously infected with two or more intestinal parasites. In our study, the INTENSITY of mixed INFESTATION in geese with a combination of E. revolutum AND H. conoideum species amounted to 36%.

To investigate the effect of weed interference AND weed-free periods on Balangu (Lallemantia royleana Benth. in Wall) AND to evaluate the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in this oilseed crop, an experiment was conducted as a rANDomized complete block design with three replications in Naghadeh region in 2018. Experimental consisted of two groups of treatments; weed INFESTATION treatments (INFESTATION for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 AND 1451.3 growing degree day (GDD) after transplanting AND then plots were remained weed-free the rest of the growing season) AND weed-free treatments (weeding for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 AND 1451.3 GDD after transplanting AND then plots were remained infested until harvesting time). In each block, one weed free AND weed infested control was for all the growing season. Results indicated that the density AND dry biomass of weeds were increased as weed removal was delayed. In contrast, density AND dry biomass of weeds were decreased as weeds establishment was delayed. Height, tetrachenes fruits, ripened achenes, 1000-seed weight AND biological, seed AND relative yields of Balangu were decreased AND increased as the duration of weed-infested AND weed-free period increased, respectively. Also, logistic AND Gompertz curves fitted to data showed that the beginning AND end of the CPWC based on a 10% yield loss of relative yield, was estimated to be from 11 to 108 days after transplanting (97 days weed-free period) in order to prevent a noticeable yield loss.

UnderstANDing the relationship between weeds AND lentils is essential for effective weed management. an experiment was conducted in the growing season of 2017 in a field located in the Agriculture AND Natural Resources Campus of Razi University, Kermanshah. At the early stages of crop growing, the field was monitored AND different INFESTATION levels of weeds were determined AND six classes were determined. Class, one exhibited the lowest level of weed INFESTATION, whereas class six showed the highest. Each class was treated as a separate treatment, with five replications conducted for each one. The results of our survey showed that the lentils yield, biomass AND harvest index were significantly affected by the weed INFESTATION levels in which up to 81% yield loss was observed with increasing weed INFESTATION INTENSITY. The maximum leaf area index of lentil was achieved at 50 to 60 days after emergence. The maximum lentil leaf area index was observed in the first AND second weed INFESTATION classes, AND with the increase in the INFESTATION INTENSITY, the lowest amounts of lentil leaf area index was observed in the fifth AND sixth classes. In addition, the accumulation of lentil dry matter in the first AND second classes of weed INFESTATION were more than the other classes. In general, due to the high vulnerability of lentil to competition with weeds, weed management until the lentil reaching the maximum leaf area index (day 50 days after emergence) is crucial.

To determine the distribution areas AND population density of sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in West Azerbaijan province, 577 soil samples collected from sugar beet fields of Urmia, Sero, Nushinshahr, Khoy, Chaypareh, Qare Ziya addin, Piranshahr, Lajan AND Salmas cities in 2023 AND number of eggs AND larvae of each soil samples were counted. Results showed that the highest (70%) AND lowest (12%) INFESTATION was related to samples collected from Khoy AND Piranshahr, respectively. The population of H. schachtii specieis was higher in Khoy, Salmas AND Lajan compared with other regions. In addition, in 5.9% of the fields, the INFESTATION was the more than 500 eggs AND larvae which demANDs necessary, erasures to be taken to reduce the disease damage.

The current study aimed to optimize artificial insemination in aged broiler breeder hens in two experiments. In the first experiment, the effect of (two) different diluted semen temperatures (5 AND 25 °C) of Hubbard rooster (40 roosters, 58 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability AND sperm penetration (SP) rate in the perivitelline layer of Hubbard hen (180 hens) were investigated. In the second experiment, three (different) sperm concentrations (100 (C100), 200 (C200), AND 400 (C400) million sperm in 0.25 mL per hen) of Hubbard roosters (40 roosters, 62 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability AND SP rate of Hubbard broiler breeder hens (270 hens) were explored. In the first experiment, the results showed that the temperature of 5 °C of diluted semen compared to the 25 °C, increased PERCENTAGE of hatchability of set eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs, AND SP AND decreased early embryonic mortality. The results of the second experiment showed the highest PERCENTAGE of fertility AND SP rate were observed at treatment C400. Also, in this experiment that highest PERCENTAGE of hatchability of set eggs AND hatchability of fertile eggs AND lowest early embryonic mortality were observed at treatment C400. Return on investment (ROI) of the treatments C200 AND C400 was approximately 2.9 AND 1.4, respectively. In overall, the results of this study showed that (in attention to ROI AND hatchability) to optimize artificial insemination of aged broiler breeder hens we can use a sperm concentration of 200 to 400 million in 0.25 mL per hens at 5 °C.

European elm scale [Gossyparia spuria (Modeer)] is one of the most important pests of elm trees in Isfahan province (Behdad, 1987). In this study, INTENSITY of INFESTATION of elm trees in various regions of Isfahan city was studied. Samples were collected biweekly from Ulmus carpinifolia AND Ulmus carpinifolia var. umbraculifera which are the most common trees in the Isfahan lANDscape. In five geographical zones of the city (North, South, East, West AND Center), PERCENTAGE of INFESTATION AND INTENSITY of INFESTATION was determined.85.6% of U. carpinifolia AND 72.6% of U. carpinifolia var. umbraculifera were infested. Low INFESTATION INTENSITY, [mean number of 0.6-2 female scales on 16 branches (each 30 cm long)] AND medium INFESTATION INTENSITY (mean number of 2-20 female scales on 16 branches) were observed on U. carpinifolia AND U. carpinifolia var. umbraculifera, respectively. Results showed that INFESTATION of elm trees in humid microclimates in the city center AND adjacent to the ZayANDehrood river is much more pronounced than in other parts of the city.